1.Causes of Female Infertility 

        One primary cause of infertility is age, especially for women. As women age, especially after 35,

the quality and number of their eggs decrease, making it harder to conceive.

Another cause is hormonal imbalances, which affect ovulation. For instance, conditions like

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid issues can disrupt a woman’s hormonal balance

and make it difficult to ovulate regularly. These conditions may require medical treatment to

support regular ovulation.

Some underlying health conditions can also lead to infertility. For example, endometriosis and

pelvic inflammatory disease can damage reproductive organs, causing issues with conception.

2.Causes of Male Infertility

Male infertility can have many causes, including:

● Sperm issues: Low sperm count or sperm quality can be caused by a number of factors,

including
● Lifestyle choices: Smoking, drinking alcohol and taking certain drugs can lower sperm

count.
● Environmental toxins: Exposure to lead, pesticides, radiation, mercury, benzene and

boron can negatively affect male reproductive functions.
● Other health conditions: Long-term illnesses like kidney failure, childhood infections like

mumps and hormone problems like low testosterone can all contribute to low sperm

count.
● Structural problems: Blockages in the tubes that transport sperm can prevent sperm

from reaching the female partner. These blockages can be caused by birth defects,

infections, or previous surgeries like vasectomies.
● Hormonal issues: Hormone imbalances or problems with the pituitary gland can cause

infertility
● Immune problems: Some immune conditions, like lymphocytic hypophysitis

hemochromatosis and tuberculosis, can cause infertility.
● Other causes: Previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, testicular tumors and adrenal

tumors can also cause infertility.
● Erectile dysfunction: The inability to get or maintain an erection during intercourse is a

common cause of male infertility

3.Symptoms of Infertility

Irregular menstrual cycles are a common sign of infertility, as they may indicate problems with

ovulation. Other symptoms include difficulty ovulating or failing to conceive after trying for a

prolonged period. If these symptoms occur, consulting a fertility specialist is often recommended

to find the underlying cause.

4.Treatment Options for Infertility

There are several treatment options available depending on the cause of infertility:

● Medications to Stimulate Ovulation: Drugs like clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins

are often used to help stimulate ovulation, especially in cases where hormonal

imbalance is an issue.

● Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): By injecting sperm directly into the uterus, this

treatment increases the possibility of fertilization.

● In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): IVF is a more advanced treatment where eggs are fertilized

outside the body and then transferred to the uterus.

5.Lifestyle Changes to Support Fertility

Certain lifestyle choices can also improve fertility. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a

balanced diet and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol can positively affect reproductive

health. These changes, along with proper medical treatment, may improve the chances of

conception